Gas engine



@www l @A (No Model.)

L. H. NASH. GAS ENGINE.

No. 386,210. Patented July 17, 1888,.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. H. NASH.

GAS ENGINE (No Model.)

Patented July 1'7, 1888.

inneren tteres LEWS HA L LOCK NASH, F BROOKLYN; ASSGNOR TO THE NLTIGNALMETER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

enfrentarse.

hitter before it; and the objects et my inven'- tion nre to prevent theincoming charge from becoming mixed with the osenping Weste proilncls,te pronmto the eii'ieif-ney of the iightervalve, nml to resinee thefriction of the vnive operating connections, :naal other fentnresonrtienlmly pointed ont in the eperiiention emi In ges-engines in whichthe aveste gosen expeileii from the comhnetion-ehninherby the intion'ing'eherge the waive-ports :rre of neeee sity very email es eornnnreii withthe eren, of the emnhnstion-ehnmher, and henne the charge issues fromseid porte with e' high velocity in jet-enrrentnwhichentertheeoinhnetion-ohznnlner sind oirenlnte nronnd it, so ne to niixwith the ehnrge oi' Weste gosen therein eontzneri. it hns heenntteniptei to nveir 's niek ing pus-sugo lending ive tothe ti vw.consensi ion-ennnxher oi n. enrvoi seetion grani nelly enlarging fromthevnlve to the eyiiniier, under the supponiiion that the grises wiliexpand and' nil the 'onlin-ging perA nge in entf form tlowing volume. lhnve fourmi by ein periment that the desired result connetfbe ei)-tnined by this mennssinee t ie genes once heving o. high velocityimparted to them will ein euinie'nronnii '.vniis of the'eornlmsxtionnchamber, inning wish thelwnste gases te an injurious extent, in n :nenneoi preventing the genes or the new ehnrge from lowing direetigf to niniont of the exhnnst and from mingling with and being; diinieri by thespent' gases inthe powereylinder, the hitter has been preveieil with eseries et trnnsveree iieeetor" plates arranged to present e step-Eiketorni oi surfaces oei-oss the o vliniier hnehwani into the channel orpassage through whieh the geons mixtnre neem te the newerleyiiniier, thesnit? "would defeat the object of my oi' .Lettere Patent No. 3256.216.fiat-ed July l'7',\1888.

(No modul.)

y in'let-pnosnge being et right angles to the said.

plates, so that es the mixture rushes upward th ronghthe passage it willstrike successively the edges of the various transverse plates, andfirst one portion and then. another of the mixtnre will be deiiected andthrown outward neross the eren of the cylinder, 'reducing the speed withwhich the charge will be thrown inward townigi the oxhnust and creatinged tion that enel: eddies tend to retain the charge .in the renroftheeylinder and prevent n-ny dies nml eonntereurrents under thesnpposi portion thereof from. being proieeted through l the @spent gasesto the exhaust. This, however, is not the inet. The essential feature ofvthis plan is the arrangement of the serios of deilentor-plntes so thatench will project into the inletpert in parallel relation to eneh other,so tiret n portion of each plate of the series will niet not to throwthe gases outward from the eyiinier et right ongles to the inlet endthenfireet them in eddies and eountenourrents into 4the cylinder through thespaces between seid deiieetors., The necessary e'eet of the eddies endconnterenrrents*produced hy seid pieten is to mix up the fres'h chargewith the v ioni gases of the preeerling charge and te defi'ent the veryobjeet which i" have in View in eenplioying n perforated pnrtition. f

My improvement provides; for retnrieg and exmnfiing the tion' ofthegnneons euri-ente within the comhnstionehnmher by interruptingitseontinnoue dow nini directing the gases in yarniiel currents of uniformvelocity through the power-eyiinder by menne of one or more partition fpieten having -perforntions enti placed either at the end oi' nml withinseid pas sage or in'snid eylinderfnnd thus carry the volume of thewns'te gases before them withont eddy-currents, said plates extendingentirely eerosssnid pessageor cylinder. In this wey-the perforated'pnrtitionplntes will redirect the new from enrrents moving in circularemi eddying pnthn to currents moving in di reet parallel lines withinthe power-cylinder Without eddies end eennter-enrrents,y whieh jimprovement. In like manner these perforated plates reeeive the ln'mefrom. the gne-inlet port inite eerved mth nod diluse it from thecombustion-ehemher in nniform pnrnliei iineointo the penne-f cylinder,and thus render the combustion com-4 plte and obtain, its full explosiveforce. ln this particular the employment of the perforated plates withthe ignitor-valve gives important advantages. These and other featuresof my invention for carrying out the objects of my improvements I willnow proceed to (ieihe in j connection -with the drawings, in whichf- 'l'Figure 1 represents a vertical vsection of my improved gas engine. Fig.2 represents a similar section taken centrally through the powercylinder at right angles to Fig. .1. Fig. 3 shows theA under side oftheperforated parti-tion of the combustion chamber by which the currentsentering the latter are retarded, expanded, and directed Afrom curvedpaths in parallel lines into the cylinder. Fig. 4shows "thepowercylinder inrlvertical section as used with an 'enlarging passagefor the inflow, in which the arrows illustrate the moving jetcurrentsofthe charge so as to mix' with the escaping waste gases when -myimprovement is'not used. Figs. 5 and 6 show powei` cards or diagramstaken from the engine operating under theconditions in which the chargeis -mixed and is not mixed with the escaping waste gases, as will behereinafter explained. Fig. 7 shows the valveoperating mechanism. Fig. 8shows the valve-case in section. Figs. 9 and 10'show the valve and casein sectional views, the valve being in different posit-ions. Fig. 11 isa cresssection ofthe valve and its Vcase on the line w' of Fig. r9. Fig.12 shows the valve in sectiomand Fig. 13a cross-see tion thereof throughthe ignition-,chamber and supplypassages; and Fig. 14 represents thevalve-case in. elevation, showing the-ignition and escape ports.

' The engine shown is ofthe vertical type,and

the power-cylinder A is surrounded by a cool` ngjacket, NV. L Thecombustion-chamber C is formed in. a sepnraftehood, D, which opensintothe power-cylinder. and communicates at one side ofthe latternwith thesupply-valve port.` The forward end of the powercylinder opens into acasing, E, of the frame, which forms af 'compressionsupply-chamber, F,for the engine of which the piston is the compressor. l I The termpower-chamber may be properly used tovapply not only to the cylinder A,but also to the horn-shaped passage C C', since Ithe combustion andexpansion of the'gases occur in all of them.

An exhaustpassage, G, is formed by -thejacket around the cylinder andopens 4into thev chamber of the latter by a` series of ports, 2, atabout the middle of thelength ofthe cylin- "der, and the jacket hasoneor. more outlet-v ports, 3, for the escape of the gases, as seen inFig. 2.

The power-transmitting crank-shaft H is mounted in the engine-casing E,so that Aits crank H' and the pistonfconn retiens I of the latter areinclosed and operate within the supply compression-chamber. y y

The fly-wheel J is securednponthecrankshaft outside of the casing. andthe supplyvalve-operating eccentric K is secured upon said shaft withina chamber, L. of thefcasing, within which the valve-connecting rod Malso operates, so that the piston and valve-ope`rat ing parts areinclosed to prevent the splashing of' thelubricant.

The combustion-chamber is contracted and has somewhat the form of"acurved horn, the

smaller end` C', .ommunieating withthe sup.

ply-port a of a va ve D, which forms both the supply and the ignitionvalve, while the large end of said combustion-chamber opens into thepower-cylinder, so that the supply enters centrally thecombustion-chamber in a returningv direction' to the iniow, and theflame for the ignition of the charge follows in the same direction fromthe same valve, which-is arranged at the side of the cylinder.

The compression-chaimherv F communicates by a passage, b, with 'a pipe,P, which opens intov the valvechamber port c, and such communication iscontrolled by a governor-valve,

Q, fitted into said'passage b, so as to open andto close the port b ofthe passage b, to increase or to diminish the flow of thecharge undertheaction of the governor.' This valve Q serves to permit the flow ofacertain quantity of the combustible mixture to form the charge and toretain thesurpl'us mixture within the compressionchamber,and suchfunction -is controlled by the governor.

I The valve `seen in4 Fig. 12 is vof cylindrical form, and hasinlet-ports d d, which open into a central passage, e, a cent-ral port,`(/,which communicates with the external lighter, y, av ,centralescape-port, Iii, which communicates with a casevport in the operationof the valve, a supply-port, s, andan ignition-port, r,'which opentangentially i'nto the circular' ignition-, ehamberas shown in Fig. 13,The valve-case shown in Fig. 8 `has asupply-po'rt, c, which communicatesthrough the pipe P with the compression chamber F of the engine, a port,a, communicating with the powercylinder, an i gnition-port, g, openingto theexternal lighter,

IIO

an escapeport, m, which communicates with the outer air through thepassages nl, Fig. 11, and an escape-port, p, through the'casewall. 'Thedevicefor operating the valve is best seen in Fig. 7; and it consists ofa cam, K, secured tothe crankshaft H, a roller, 4, carried by anrocker-arm, 6, pivoted to the engineA frame by the pin '1,v an'd'by thepin 9 rto the valve-rod M, which latter is connected to the lower end ofthe valve D by the pin 10. A spring, 11, is secured at either end to therod M and to the engine-frame, so that it will constantly tend to' holdthefval've-connections down upon the cam and to move the valve downwardwhile its npstroke is effected by the cam.

I have shown in Fig. 4 by arrows the manner in which the charge entersand circulates in contact with the combustion chamber rated plates, N,placed across the path of the entering charge, sov as to retard thevolume ot' the charge and canse it to spread out over the surface of theplate and to flow through all the -holcs.and thus have parallel linesvotdirection xo imparted fo it as itleaves the diffusing and retal-dingplate or plates. I prefer to place one ofthcsc perforated plates at thejunctiomof the power-cylinder with the comlmstioirchamber, and another,N', in the valve-connecting r 5 passage l of the combustionchamber. Iprefer to make the perforations 12 aring in the direction of the llow,thebettcr to diluse the 'tlow within thecylindcr and to give it freepassage through the holes. The action of these 2o non-mixing plates isasfollows: The charge,

entering through the valve with a high velocity, tends to cling to theconcave surfaces ot the chamber or passage, as shown by t-he ar rows inFigc-1, and meeting the perforated partition N the'volnme is slightlyretarded in 'its' motion, spreading out over the entire surface of theplate, the eddies are broken up, and' lthe voln me passes through theholes, the tiaring form of which causes the currents to unite 3o in alarger volume with a more uniform tlow.

Meeting the`second partition-plate N the volnme vor currents againspread over its perfol rated surface, breaking up the eddies and passingthroughthe holes 12 into the cylinder,

wherein the currents unite in a flowing stream or volume in parallellines and drive out the waste gases before them without mixingtherewith. ing-surfaces of these partitu )lates are prcfl c io erablyunbrokenthat is, they arctlat-and that the size of the perfor-ationsmust be such as to permit the free passage of the gases and the damethrough them from the combustionchambcr into t-he cylinder; and -while Iprefer to Amake the partition of a plate so that its perforations andsolid surface parts will be ot' about equal arca., so as to givetheretarding and expanding action of the gases flowing upon them, yetpartitions of wire-netting or other 5o suitable material may be used.YJAS the supply-valve forms also the ignitor-valve andthe expandingsupply-passage forms also the ignitor- Ha me passage, the tlame iscaused to expand and be dill'used in its curved pathby contact 5,3 withthe perforated partitionplates and to enter ilul cl-iargc in t-hcpower-cylinder in parallel lines, prmlucing complet-e combustion,

- and obtaining the full force and effect ofsuch explosion by giving auniform and instanta- `neous ignition tothe volumeofgas'es within thepower-'cylinder. These three things, therefore-viz., the valve D, thesupply-passage having the form of a curved horn, andthe per foi-atedpartitionplates-cooperate to produce improved results in supplying andignit-l ing the charge.

It. will be understofvl that the receiv-4 partition indirect lines` notby the action or return of the jct-current, but by the difference ofpressure present in the chambers C and (l. The gas in theichamber C iscaused to tlow through thc partition N solely by the differvences ofpressure in said chambers, and it therefore passes said partition in aueasy and even flow; because the (lith-.rence of pressures is Vnot very'great. The same is true of the passages ot' said gases through thechaluber C, so that the gas enters thechambcr A not-only in directlines, but in an easy and even flow, free from jets and cddies, and uponthe principle of stat-ics as distinguished from the principio ofdynamics or impact.

The advantageous results ot' this improvement are best seen by referringto the pressure-cards shown in Figs. 5 and 6, in which Fig. 5 shows acard taken from au engine in which thejnflowing charge is caused to mixwith the escaping products ofeombustion, as seen in Fig. 4,-while Fig. 6shows a card taken from the same engine having one non-mixing perforatedplate. (Seen i`n Figs. 1 and 2.) A comparison ot' these pressnrediagramswill show that there is a gain in power of nearly twenty per cent. bythe use ot' a.retardiiig-partition. By employing both the partitionsshown in Fig. 1 I have ascertained by experiment that there is again ofpower of nearly tifly per cent. I have shown the passage conveying thecharge tothe power-cylinder as being in the form of a curved horu;-butit is not nec- Aessary to so form it when the retardingpartition isused, as the latter acts to control the dow without regard to the shapeof the connecting-passages; but theI` form shown is preferred.

To facilitate the starting of the engine T provide a reservoir,d', whichcommunicates with the combustion-chamber through a passage controlled bya valve, f. .l prefer to place this reservoir at the toploftheinllowing-charge passage, and connect it with the latter by a pipe,in which the valvcf is placed. lVhen the engine is being started, thetlywvhecl is turned by hand, which causes the charge to be drawn intothe compression chamber F,

wherein the charge is compressed by the backstroke of the piston;

Since it is desired to operate the engine with starting-the cock j" isopeuefhso that sonne of IlO the gas will flow from the inlet-passageC'into the chamber d', andth-ertby lessen. the degree of the pressureduring the back-stroke of the engine; but assoou as [the engine'is in'operation the f-.ockf is closed, and thereafter the engine compressesits charge to a greater extent. l i

I provide all lthe vconvenient parts of the engine-frame, andparticularly its base, with waterjackets, and connecting,` the chamberof the latter with the cooling-jacket of the powercylinder in suchmanner that the water will circulate from one t the other.

XV? is aspace for thecooling medium of the power-cy the frame, alsofilled with water.v These spaces communicate by the wall-passage X, sothat by the natural zov gine.

. into the ignition-chamberf w the water can iiow from one to the othereither flow or by any convenient means of providing a free circulation.The water will absorb the heat from the power-'cylinder and give it uptothe engine-frame, so that the latter willradiate it awayv andtbus the,entire engine will be kept at a comparatively uniform and cooltemperature.

The piston is of the trunk have any suitable pitman-conucotion'with thecrank-shaft. r l

The compression-chamber F is preferably supplied with a combustiblemixture by a mix! ing-val ve, R. placed externally thereto, adapted toautomatically ,regulatel the relative proportional supplyof gas andairto the pwercylinder` sothatfthe charge of combustible mix ture,-shnll be of uniform qualityfand' density. The fly-wheel ofthe enginehusthe governor device forgovcruing the operation oi Athe en- The'engine on its upward stroke drawsiu a combustible mixture through themixiug-valve R into the compression-chamber F, wherein it is cpmpresscdbythe downstroke ofthe pis-` ton until the latter arrives 'attbelposition shown inFigs. l and 2, iu which the valve D. has opened theports d a, so that the charge enters the combustion-chamber through theports .c e d u, as shown by arrows, driving belore it the waste gasesthrough the exhaust# ports G. The piston now compresses the charge bythe upward'strolce, during which time the valve is in the position ofFig. 9, and the port g is in comm ternnl lighter-jet. y, at whichtimesome of the charge passes through the passage s, Fig. 13,v ith atangential whirl, and is ignited by theirt y. ln this operation some ofthe gases ilow backthrough the hole l1. aud"pass out through thecasepassages m and fn..

'lhis back passage for the gases i' of importance in assisting the Homein passing through the port .f/,jas it reduces the outward `eu rrent through said port, and hence the flame is more easily transmit` 'ted fromthe external lighter to the chamber f.- As thepiston begins its nextforward stroke, the valve mov es into the position of Fig. 10,

linder, and W W are the spaces of form and may unication with the ex thecase-port a', so that the `flame from the chamber ,f istransmittedthrough the port r to the charge. 4 v Ido not confine mys .lfgt'o `theprecise described, sinee any devices or combinations of devices havingthe functions substantially of vthose described maybeemployedgwithoutdeparting from the spirit or sf-opeof myA invention.V u.V- v It will be observed that th fresh gases endrve 'before them and outof the exhaust-ports the foul gases remaining in the chamber aftercombustion has taken place.r the fact that the entrance and exhaustports are substantiallyat opposite ends of said chamber andl are bothopen simultaneously for a short period of time. 4In engines of this typepiston 'in what may be termed its forward stroke, and I find itconvenient to employ this term to designate the typeof engineillustrated .and describe-dr` supplementedwith au externatvalved commu?.nicating-chamber placed between the charge- `starting the'veugine;eombinedwith'a piston 'compressing-the charge upo'ngits back-stroke, .isnot claimed herein; as such-matter is; 'made the subjectjo'f. adivisional applicationjled `of date 'J une 22, "1888,1gunder Srial'No.27 7,875.v

Ichiini l, f, 1.. In a gas-engine, aipowerfchambe'r. A-G, having portsatoppositeendsof said;chamber, bothbpen at' the same. time, combinedwith 'a perforated plate extendingentirel y across'said lchamber proper,for the purpose of-ineakingl up eddies'in the infiowiug;r charge andcausing V the charge to fiow'th'ro'ugh the power-chamber.

-tially as au'd for the purpose'setforth.

' forward stroke; with a charge-supplying pas x. sageandcombustiowchamberbavingacurved.- f horn shapeprovided with a perforatedpaarti tionpla'ced across the junction of said passage, with thecylinder,` and vone or more similar par tit-ions placed 4acrossthesupply-passage' between the said4 junctionpartition and the'charge-supplyim'r port, substantially4 as described, for the purposespecified. Y

3.*I'u a gaseugine, a power-chamber, A C, having ports at'opposite endsofsaid chamber, both open at the same time, perforated plate extendingentirely across said chamber, the perforations iu saidplate fiar ing inthe'dircctiou of the infiowotl the charge, for the `purpose of breakingup eddies in the inowing charge and causing the charge to new throughthe power-chamber iu uniform bringing the'port r 4into communicationwith teriug 'the combustion cylindero'r chamber.

The combustionycharnltwlr4 ofv a" ga'sengine,

supplying` port andl the'coiubustiou;cl;|ambern for relievingthepressure iii-said'chamberini` p Vin uniform volume without eddies. 'substamy :2.,The' 'cpmbinatiom in aV gas-engine, ofa piston andaf'power-cylindcr having ports. .adapted to be uncovered bythe pistonon-its' Vices and combinations ofdevices herein del This is due lto theexhaustwports are usually opened-by the IIO combined with a purpose ofvbreaking up eddies inl the inflowing charge and causing Athe charge toiiow through the power-chamber without eddies, substantially asdescribed 5. The combination with the piston and power-cylinder of aAgas-engine, of-one or more perforated plates placedin thechargesnpplyingpassage of the combustion-cham ber. and a' reservoir,A d', -having valved communication with said com bnstion-chamber, opeming substantiallyas described.

6. The combination, in a gas-engine, ofthe power-cylinder, a pistonoperating as a-chargesupplying.: compression-pump onA its forwardstroke, v.a reservoir for the combustible mixtnre, and a valvecontrolling the admission of the charge to the combustion-chamber, witha reservoir communicating with the combustionchamber through avalve-controlled passage for relieving thepressnre in said chamber instarting the engine, substantially as described, for the purposespecified.

7. The combination, in a gas-engine, of the piston and 'a power-cylinderhaving exhaustports adapted" to -be'u'ncovered by the piston on itsextreme forward stroke, with a crankshaft and piston-connections, a camsecured to said shaft, a valve and valve-rod` connection operated inone.dirction by said cam, and al Ispring holding the valve-connectionagainst said cam, substantially as described.

1 8. The combination, with the pistonv and its crank-shaft connectionsof ages-engine, of the cam K, the roller` 4, the rocker-arm 6, thevalverodM, the spring-.11,'aud a. reciprocating plunger-valve foradmitting the charge and igniting the same, substantially as described.

' 9. The combination, in a gas-engine, ofthe power-cylinder and thepiston, with a reciprocating plunger-valve for admitting and ignitingthe-charge, having the ports d, g, h, r, and s, with avalve-casehavingfcorresponding co-operating ports, substantially as described,

for the purpose specified.

10. In ages-engine, an ignition-chamber having a tangential supply,combined with an ignition-passage andan independent escapepassage,substantially as and for the purpose set forth. f

11. In a gas-engine, a 'power-chamber, A C,

'combined with afplurality of perforatcdpartitions arranged across saidchamber at intervalsto divide the same into a series of separatechambers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, with a valve and a valve-case, both having portsfor supplying thecharge and for igniting the same, and an .externallighter-jet, with a supply-passage and combustion chamber having acurvedhorn shape, one or more perforated partition-plates placedtherein, a piston, and apowercylinder having ports adapted to beuncovered by the 13. The combination, with a gas-engine hav-- `piston onits forward stroke, substantially as` 1 and for the purpose described.

inga iixed lighter-jet, of a lighter-jet chamber of circular form,hav-ing a tangential gas-supply-port,.a central end lighter-port,'and acen- -tral end. back port to discharge the waste gases lfrom saidchamber. s

.14. The'combination, with a gas-engine having apermanent lighter-jet,of a slide-valve having a circular lighter-chamber, having a gas-Supplyport entering said chamber tangentially, a central end ignition-port ofless area than the said chamber, and a back end discharge-port of lessarea than the said ignition-port, for the purpose stated,

15. In a gas-engine, the combination of an ignition-chamber, a devicefor causing a jet 4of combustible ygas to whirl about within saidchamber, a lighter-port, and a back passage opened before theignition-passage "to discharge the waste gases from such chamber,

substantiallyas described. f f

16. In a gas-engine, the combination of an ignition-chamber, a devicefor causing aje't of combustible4 gas to whirl about within saidchamber, a lighter-port, and a back passage to discharge the 4Wastegases from said chamber, substantially as described.

17. In a gas-engine, a lighting device, an

ignition-chamber, and a device for causing ab .jet of combustible gas towhirl about within said chamber, combined with a passage communicatingwith -said lighter and an escape.

passage, substantially as described.

18. Ina gas-engine, a lighter device, an ignition-passage, and. a devicefor causing a IXO jet of combustible gas .to pass through said.

passage with a spiral or whirling current, producing therein a reversecentral current, along which the ame is transmitted, combined with anescape-port, substantially'as setforth.4

In testimony whereof I have herenntoset my hand in the presence of twosubscribing wit- DGSSBS.

LEWIS HALLOOK NASH.` Witnesses: I

H. W. BRINcKEnHoFF, .WILLIAM C. WEsTERvEL'r

